Không mang nghĩa “tàn nhẫn”, mà chỉ rằng điều này nằm trong ý định của YHWH.

Không chỉ là “giết chết”, mà nhấn mạnh đến sự đau khổ, bệnh tật, yếu đuối.

Không phải người bệnh tật, yếu đuối nào cũng là bị nguyền rủa. Nhưng nhờ họ mà sự lỗi được chuộc lại.

Ở đây là ngôi 2 số ít → chỉ người nghe.

Dù sự sống người ấy đã bị nghiền nát, nhưng nếu BẠN không đặt sự sống ấy thành của lễ cho bạn dâng cho YHWH, thì bạn cũng không có được sự chuộc.

“nap̄šô” là toàn bộ sự sống của người chịu khổ (không phải chỉ linh hồn trừu tượng).

Có thể nói về con cháu theo huyết thống, hoặc chỉ về dòng dõi thuộc linh (sinh ra nhờ Linh Khí của người ấy)

Một cách nghịch lý: người chịu khổ (bị nghiền nát) lại được hứa kéo dài sự sống. Sự sống này là sự sống trên mặt đất sau khi bị nghiền nát và phục hồi, hay sự sống sau khi chết và sống lại?

Ý muốn của YHWH được hoàn tất qua tay người ấy.

ENGLISH

1. “YHWH was pleased” – וַֽיהוָ֞ה חָפֵ֤ץ (va-YHWH ḥāfēṣ)

ḥāfēṣ = “to delight in, to approve, to accept.”

It does not mean “cruelty,” but indicates that this lies within YHWH’s intention.
Here, YHWH is spoken of in the third person (the narrator speaks about Him).

2. “Crush — make sick” – דַּכְּאוֹ הֶחֱלִי (dakkə’ô heḥĕlî)

dakkə’ô = “to crush, to pulverize, to break down.”
heḥĕlî = “to make sick, to cause weakness/illness.”

This does not only mean “to kill,” but emphasizes suffering, sickness, weakness.
Not every sick or weak person is “cursed.” Yet through such suffering, iniquity is atoned for.

3. “If you place” – אִם־תָּשִׂים (’im-tāśîm)

tāśîm = the verb “you place / you set / you present.”

Here it is 2nd person masculine singular → addressing the listener.
Meaning: Israel, or every reader/observer, must “place” the life of the suffering one as a guilt offering.

Even if his life has been crushed, if YOU do not place that life as an offering for you to present to YHWH, then you do not receive atonement.

4. “His life” – נַפְשׁוֹ (nap̄šô)

Root: נֶפֶשׁ (nephesh) = “life, self, breath, soul.”
–ô = “his.”

nap̄šô refers to the whole life of the suffering one (not merely an abstract “soul”).

5. “Guilt offering for unintentional wrong” – אָשָׁם (’āšām)

a) “Guilt offering”

Core sense: “reparation offering, guilt offering for wrongdoing.”

Leviticus 5:14–19; 7:1–10:

The ’āšām is offered when one has violated holy things or caused loss/damage to another.

The offerer must:

1. bring an unblemished male ram or goat,
2. repay what was damaged plus one-fifth,
3. offer the sacrifice to receive forgiveness.

Unlike the “sin offering” (ḥaṭṭā’t), the ’āšām stresses restitution and responsibility for consequences.

b) Unintentional error (Hebrew: bišgāgāh – בשגגה)

Meaning: “mistake, inadvertent, unknowingly, lack of knowledge, not deliberate.”

In the Law of Moses, both ’āšām and ḥaṭṭā’t are linked with unintentional offenses.

c) Deliberate sin (beyād rāmāh)

The opposite is deliberate, high-handed rebellion (beyād rāmāh = “with a raised hand,” i.e., defiant sin against YHWH).

Numbers 15:30–31:
“But the person who does anything with a high hand… that one reviles YHWH… because he has despised the word of YHWH and has broken His commandment… his iniquity is on him.”

→ there is no sacrificial provision to atone; the person must be cut off. The sin remains with him.

6. “He will see offspring” – יִרְאֶה זֶרַע (yir’eh zeraʿ)

zeraʿ = “seed, offspring, descendants.”

It can refer to physical descendants, or to spiritual offspring (born through the Spirit of that one).

7. “He will prolong days” – יַאֲרִיךְ יָמִים (ya’arîḵ yāmîm)

Literal: “to lengthen days, to live long.”

A paradox: the suffering one (crushed) is promised an extended life.
Is this life on earth after being crushed and restored, or life after death and resurrection?

8. “The will of YHWH will prosper” – וְחֵפֶץ יְהוָה בְּיָדוֹ יִצְלָח

(wə-ḥēfeṣ YHWH bə-yādô yiṣlaḥ)

ḥēfeṣ = intention, what YHWH delights in.
yiṣlaḥ = to succeed, to prosper, to be made to flourish.

YHWH’s purpose is completed through his hand.

Summary

Isaiah 53:10 is not a vague prophecy; it contains layered meaning:

• YHWH is the One who approves this plan.
• “You” (2nd person) = Israel / every reader is invited to recognize the sufferer as a guilt offering.
• Atonement applies to unintentional wrong; there is no sacrificial atonement for defiant sin that despises YHWH’s word and breaks His command.
• “Life” (nephesh) = the whole life of the sufferer—not merely spirit, but self, breath, existence.
• “Seeing offspring — prolonging days” = the paradox: after crushing and sickness comes continuing life and a new line of offspring, enduring beyond suffering.
• “YHWH’s will prospers” = through this offering, YHWH’s purpose is fulfilled, not thwarted.

Final translation

“But YHWH was pleased to crush him, causing him to be made sick; if you place his life as a guilt offering, he will see offspring, he will prolong days, and the will of YHWH will prosper in his hand.”