I. KHÍ TỐT – TỪ YHWH
1. Ruach YHWH – Khí của YHWH
> ” Sẽ ngự trên Ngài Khí của YHWH, Khí khôn ngoan và thông sáng, Khí mưu lược và quyền năng, Khí hiểu biết và kính sợ YHWH.” — Ê-sai 11:2
2. Ruach Elohim – Khí của Thiên Chúa
> “Khí của Thiên Chúa bay lượn trên mặt nước.” — Sáng Thế Ký 1:2
Gióp 33:4:
רוּחַ־אֵל (Ruach-El) linh khí của El đã làm nên tôi,
và נִשְׁמַת שַׁדַּי (Nishmat Shaddai) hơi thở đấng toàn năng ban cho tôi sự sống.
3. Khí sự sống – Nishmat chayyim
> “YHWH Đức Chúa Trời hà Khí sự sống vào lỗ mũi người, và người trở nên một sinh linh sống.” — Sáng Thế Ký 2:7
Quả thật có một khí (ruah) trong con người,
và hơi thở (nishmat) của Shaddai ban cho họ sự hiểu biết.
4. Ruach qodesh – Khí Thánh
a. Ê-sai 63:10
b. Thi Thiên 51:11
Ruach qodesh không phải là “ngôi ba” như một số giáo lý sau này gán ghép, mà là sự hiện diện thánh khiết của YHWH.
II. KHÍ DỮ – Ở NƠI CON NGƯỜI
1. Ruach ra‘ah – Khí dữ từ YHWH
2. Ruach sheqer – Khí nói dối từ YHWH
3. Ruach ta‘tuyim – Khí mê muội / sai lạc từ YHWH
TỔNG KẾT
ENGLISH
The word “ruach” (רוּחַ) in the Hebrew Bible means breath, wind, spirit.
However, not every “ruach” is the same — there are good spirits and harmful spirits.
Below are the types of ruach from YHWH in the Tanakh (Old Testament).
I. GOOD SPIRIT — FROM YHWH
1. Ruach YHWH — the Spirit of YHWH
“The Spirit of YHWH shall rest upon him, the Spirit of wisdom and understanding, the Spirit of counsel and might, the Spirit of knowledge and fear of YHWH.”
— Isaiah 11:2
→ A person upon whom this Spirit rests is transformed to carry out the mission of YHWH.
2. Ruach Elohim — the Spirit of God
“The Spirit of God was hovering over the face of the waters.”
— Genesis 1:2
→ This is the creative Spirit, present from the beginning.
3. Ruach hayyim — the Spirit of life
“YHWH God breathed the breath of life into the man’s nostrils, and the man became a living being.”
— Genesis 2:7
→ The breath of YHWH is what makes human beings live.
“But there is a spirit in man, and the breath of the Almighty gives him understanding.”
— Job 32:8
4. Ruach qodesh — the Holy Spirit
The term רוּחַ קָדְשׁוֹ — Ruach qodsho (“His Holy Spirit”) appears only twice in the entire Tanakh:
a. Isaiah 63:10
“But they rebelled and grieved His Holy Spirit; therefore He turned to be their enemy, and He Himself fought against them.”
→ Here, the Holy Spirit is the ruach of YHWH that is grieved, not a separate entity. It is YHWH Himself who strikes and judges the people.
b. Psalm 51:11
“Do not take Your Holy Spirit from me.”
→ King David prays after his sin, asking YHWH not to withdraw Ruach qodesh from him — meaning, not to remove divine power and holy accompaniment.
→ Ruach qodesh is not a “third person” as later doctrines propose, but the holy presence of YHWH.
II. HARMFUL SPIRIT — IN HUMAN EXPERIENCE
1. Ruach ra‘ah — a harmful spirit from YHWH
“The Spirit of YHWH departed from Saul, and a harmful spirit from YHWH troubled him.”
— 1 Samuel 16:14
→ This spirit is sent by YHWH to judge Saul, not an independent demon. No one casts it out; it is only soothed when David plays the harp. The harmful spirit causes mental disturbance.
2. Ruach sheqer — a lying spirit from YHWH
“I will go out and be a lying spirit in the mouth of all his prophets.”
— 1 Kings 22:22
→ This spirit volunteers to be sent by YHWH to deceive false prophets, as a means of judging King Ahab. It remains an instrument of YHWH, not outside His control.
3. Ruach ta‘tuyim — a spirit of confusion / error from YHWH
“YHWH has poured out upon you a spirit of deep confusion, and has closed your eyes, the prophets…”
— Isaiah 29:10
→ This is a judgment: when the people refuse to hear the truth, YHWH allows a spirit of confusion to blind them spiritually.
SUMMARY
Spirits that come from YHWH can grant wisdom and understanding to those who follow Him,
and can also bring confusion and delusion upon those who oppose Him.
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